بررسی اثرات فرم شهری و عناصر هواشناسی بر آلودگی هوای تهران و تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار جنگلداری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، مازندران، ایران

10.22111/gdij.2025.48916.3654

چکیده

فرم شهری، به ­طور چشمگیری بر تولید و انتشار آلاینده­های هوا تأثیر می­گذارد؛ بنابراین شناخت رابطة بین فرم شهری و آلودگی هوا می­تواند با بهینه­سازی سیاست­های برنامه­ریزی و مدیریت شهری، پیامدهای مهمی در زمینة بهبود کیفیت هوا داشته باشد. هدف مطالعة حاضر بررسی ارتباط فرم شهری با غلظت آلاینده­های CO، NO2، SO2، O3، PM10، PM2.5 و BC در تهران و تبریز و بازخوردهای آب­و­هوایی آن­ها در طول 2021 -2015 است. این هدف با محاسبة سنجه­های سیمای سرزمین مرتبط با ویژگی­های مختلف فرم شهری شامل اندازه، شکل، تکه­تکه­شدگی، فشردگی و پراکندگی براساس سری زمانی داده­های کاربری اراضی ماهانه «Dynamic World» با دقت 10 متر در سامانة «گوگل­ارث­انجین» و نرم‌افزار R4.3.3 و به­کارگیری تحلیل همبستگی اسپیرمن و مدل­های رگرسیون خطی چندگانه (MLR) و جنگل تصادفی (RF) محقق شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان­می­دهد که فرم شهری، نقش بسیار مهمی در تولید و انتشار آلاینده­های هوا در شهرهای تهران و تبریز در طول دورة آماری مورد مطالعه ایفا کرده است. علاوه بر این، مکانیسمی که توسط آن فرم شهری بر سطح غلظت آلاینده­های هوا در تهران و تبریز تأثیر می­گذارد، با توجه به تفاوت در ویژگی­های منطقه­ای این شهرها از جمله جمعیت، شرایط آب­و­هوایی و ساختار صنعتی برای برخی از آلاینده­ها نسبتاً متفاوت است. در تهران پارامترهای هواشناسی دما، بارش و سرعت باد و در تبریز دما و سرعت باد نقش مهمی در ارتباط شاخص­های فرم شهری با غلظت آلاینده­های جوی دارند

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the impacts of urban form and meteorological parameters on air pollution in Tehran and Tabriz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parisa Kahrari 1
  • Shahriar Khaledi 2
  • ghasem keikhosravi 3
  • Seyed Jalil Alavi 4
1 PhD Student of Climatology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Climatology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Climatology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor of Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Urban form significantly affects the generation and emission of air pollutants. Therefore, better knowledge of the relationship between urban form and air pollution can have important implications for improving air quality by optimizing urban planning and management policies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between urban form and the air pollutants CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and BC in Tehran and Tabriz and their climatic interactions during 2015-2021. This goal was achieved using Spearman's correlation analysis and calculation of landscape metrics related to urban size, shape, fragmentation, compactness, and sprawl based on the Dynamic World land use data with a resolution of 10×10 meters in the Google Earth Engine and R 4.3.3 software. The random forest (RF) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were applied to determine the effects of urban form on pollutants. The results demonstrate that urban form played a crucial role in the generation and emission of air pollutants in Tehran and Tabriz during the study period. In addition, the mechanisms by which urban form affects air pollution are quite different for some pollutants, considering the differences in the regional characteristics of these cities, including population, climatic conditions, and industrial structure. Meteorological parameters significantly influence the relationship between urban form characteristics and the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants in Tehran and Tabriz.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Atmospheric pollutants
  • Meteorological parameters
  • Landscape metrics
  • Land use
  • Random forest
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