The Role of Environmental Drivers in Urban Renewal: A Spatial Analysis in Khorramabad using Regression Models

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Urban Planning, Engineering Faculty, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran

2 M.Sc of Urban Planning, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran

Abstract

Cities, like living organisms, deteriorate over time, and their elements, including buildings, require renovation to maintain environmental and social sustainability.  Therefore, considerable research has been conducted on urban renewal; however, a better understanding of the factors and mechanisms influencing renewal is still needed to design and develop an effective spatial planning and policy system.  In Khorramabad, due to its geographical location, natural limitations, and the significant deterioration of a considerable portion of the existing fabric, the renewal process has been notable.  In the past six years, 1359 demolition and renovation permits have been issued by the municipality.  This article aims to develop a scientific framework to explain the spatial factors (small-scale) affecting urban renovation and analyze their localized impact in Khorramabad.
The present study is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of nature and method. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (regression-based technique) were used to analyze the data.  Research data, including spatial factors and variables affecting urban renewal—derived from three approaches: production-oriented, consumption-oriented, and government-oriented—and the amount of renewed floor area over the past six years (as the dependent variable) were extracted using Arc GIS pro from 4180 urban blocks in Khorramabad.  To analyze the relationship between variables, two models were used: Generalized Linear Regression (global scale) and Geographically Weighted Regression (local scale).  A comparison of the models shows that the local model performs significantly better than the global model in analyzing the relationships between variables.  The results also indicate that the relationships between spatial variables and urban renewal vary across the urban blocks and are non-stationary. Two variables related to block density (related to the government-oriented perspective) and the width of surrounding streets (related to the production-oriented perspective) are the most important factors encouraging renewal.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdolahi, R., Haghshenas, H. and Rikhtehgaran, R. (2019). Modeling of the Impact of Geometric Design, Topography and Road Access in Rural Road Accidents by Factor Analysis and Generalized Linear Regression (Case Study: Ways of Kerman Province). Quarterly Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1 (42), 1-19. (In Persian)
Abkhesht, S. Hafez Rezazadeh, M. and Anvari, M. R. (2024). Analyzing Factors Underlining the Organization of Worn-Out and Ineffective Textures in the Outskirts of Zahedan City. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 3(22), 39-58. (In Persian) 
Aditjandra, P. T., Mulley, C., & Nelson, J. D. (2013). The influence of neighbourhood design on travel behaviour: Empirical evidence from North East England. Transport Policy, 26, 54-65.
Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial econometrics. In Methods and Models; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Arzamani, M. , Vatanparast, M. and Motamedi, M. (2020). Analysis of Urban Regeneration in terms of Physical Dimension Case Study: Bojnourd City. Sustainable city, 3(2), 93-104. (In Persian)
Boyko, C. T., Gaterell, M. R., Barber, A. R. G., Brown, J., Bryson, J. R., Butler, D., Caputo, S., Caserio, M.,Coles, R., Cooper, R., Davies, G., Farmani, R., Hale, J., Hales, A. C., Hewitt, C. N., Hunt, D. V. L., Jankovic, L., Jefferson, I., Leach, J. M., ... Rogers, C. D. F. (2012). Benchmarking sustainability in cities: The role of indicators and future scenarios. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 22, 245-254.
Braimoh, A. K., & Onishi, T. (2007). Spatial determinants of urban land use change in Lagos, Nigeria. Land Use Policy, 24, 502-515.
Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, A. S., & Charlton, M. E. (1996). Geographically weighted regression: a method for exploring spatial nonstationary. Geographical analysis, 28(4), 281-298.
Cao, K., Deng, Y., & Song, C. (2023). Exploring the drivers of urban renewal through comparative modeling of multiple types in Shenzhen, China. Cities, 137, 104294.
Clark, E. (1995). The rent gap re-examined. Urban Studies, 32, 1489-1503.
Deng, Y., Fu, B. J., & Sun, C. Z. (2018). Effects of urban planning in guiding urban growth: Evidence from Shenzhen, China. Cities, 83, 118-128.
Deng, Y., Qi, W., Fu, B., & Wang, K. (2019). Geographical transformations of urban sprawl: Exploring the spatial heterogeneity across cities in China 1992-2015. Cities, 102415.
Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. E. (1998). Geographically weighted regression. The Sage handbook of spatial analysis, 1, 243-254.
Frantal, B., Greer-Wootten, B., Klusacek, P., Krejci, T., Kunc, J., & Martinat, S. (2015). Exploring spatial patterns of urban brownfields regeneration: The case of Brno, Czech Republic. Cities, 44, 9-18.
Galdini, R. (2019). Urban re-use practices in contemporary cities: Experiences in Europe. Cities, 87, 103-105.
Ghasemzade, F. , Rahnama, M. R. and amirfakhrian, M. (2022). Presenting the scenarios of regeneration in the worn texture of Ghaen city. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, (Accepted). (In Persian).
Ghesmi, A., Farhudi, R., & Ezzati, E. (2017). Factors Affecting the Urban Renewal Process From Sustainability View: A Case Study of (District 11 of Municipality in Mashhad). International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 7(1), 33-46.
Gotham, K. F. (2005). Tourism gentrification: The case of New Orleans' vieux carre (French Quarter). Urban Studies, 42, 1099-1121.
Gregório, V., & Seixas, J. (2017). Energy savings potential in urban rehabilitation: A spatial-based methodology applied to historic centres. Energy and Buildings, 152, 11-23.
Habibi, M., & Akbari, A. (2023). Identifying and prioritizing appropriate strategies to organize the fabric of the central part of Qhazvin city with a sustainable urban regeneration approach using SWOT-AHP technique. Human and Environment, 3(1), 59-75. (In Persian)
Haghpanah, M. , karimi, B. and Mahdi Nejad, J. (2022). Effects of Physical and Social Factors on the Participatory Improvement of Worn-out Textures; Case Study: Nader Kazemi Neighborhood of Shiraz. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 14(37), 239-251. (In Persian) 
He, S. (2012). Two waves of gentrification and emerging rights issues in Guangzhou, China. Environment and Planning a-Economy and Space, 44, 2817-2833.
Hersperger, A. M., Oliveira, E., Pagliarin, S., Palka, G., Verburg, P., Bolliger, J., & Gradinaru, S. (2018). Urban land-use change: The role of strategic spatial planning. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 51, 32-42.
Heydari, M. T. , Ahadanjad Roveshti, M. , Rasouli, M. and Saeedpour, S. (2022). Exploring the Regeneration Indicators of Worn Structures in Urmia using Mixed BWM-IPA Method. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 20(2), 141-166. (In Persian) 
Lai, Y., Tang, B., Chen, X., & Zheng, X. (2021). Spatial determinants of land redevelopment in the urban renewal processes in Shenzhen, China. Land Use Policy, 103.
Liang, Z.-X., & Bao, J.-G. (2015). Tourism gentrification in Shenzhen, China: Causes and socio-spatial consequences. Tourism Geographies, 17, 461-481.
Liu, G., Chen, S., & Gu, J. (2019). Urban renewal simulation with spatial, economic and policy dynamics: The rent-gap theory-based model and the case study of Chongqing. Land Use Policy, 86, 238-252.
Lopez-Morales, E., Sanhueza, C., Espinoza, S., Ordenes, F., & Orozco, H. (2019). Rent gap formation due to public infrastructure and planning policies: An analysis of greater Santiago, Chile, 2008-2011. Environment and Planning a-Economy and Space, 51, 1536-1557.
Mayer, I. S., van Bueren, E. M., Bots, P. W. G., van der Voort, H., & Seijdel, R. (2005). Collaborative decisionmaking for sustainable urban renewal projects: A simulation - gaming approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32, 403-423.
Mohammadi, J. and Salari, Z. (2023). Identifying and developing strategies for the renewal of worn out tissue By combining strategic models and network analysis (SWOT - ANP) (Case study: Dardasht neighborhood of Isfahan). Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS), 4(1), 30-48. (In Persian)
Nasiri Hendekhale, E., & Salarinia, M. (2017). Analysis of effective factors in the revitalization of urban dilapidated fabrics: A case study of District 20, Tehran. Geographical Journal of Territory the Land, 55(14), 135-148. (In Persian)
Nematalahii, M., Anvari, M. R., & Karimian Bostani, M. (2022). Examination and analysis of effective factors in the organization of urban dilapidated fabrics: A case study of Saravan city. New Perspectives in Human Geography Quarterly, 14(2), 71-86. (In Persian)
Razzaghi Asl, S. (2023). To What Extent Have Nature-Based Solutions Mitigated Flood Loss at a Regional Scale in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area?. Urban Science, 7(4), 122.
Rezaei, S., Karimian Bastani, M., & Miri, G. (2022). Driving Indicators in the Regeneration of Informal Settlements in Zahedan City, Iran. Geographical Research Quarterly, 37(4), 465-473. (In Persian)
Rezvani, L., ahmadzadeh, H., & houshyar, H. (2022). Investigation of key drivers affecting the regeneration of dysfunctional urban tissues Case study: Worn texture of Urmia. , 13(50), 255-269. (In Persian) 
Safaeepour, M. and hajipour, N. (2023). An Analysis of the regeneration of Ahvaz metropolis worn-out urban textures with future studies and scenario planning. Geographical Planning of Space, 12(4), 39-58. (In Persian) 
Saidpour, S. , Babaei Aghdam, F. and Teymuri, I. (2024). Evaluation the Effective Factors in Regeneration of Urban Inefficient Textures (Case Study: City of Saqqez). Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 4(13), 1-21. (In Persian) 
Shahinifar, M. and Shohani, N. (2021). The Analysis of Factors affecting Regeneration of Urban Spaces from Users’ Perspective (Case Study: Central Texture of Kermanshah City). Geography and Urban Space Development, 7(2), 167-149. (In Persian) 
Smith, N. (1979). Toward a theory of gentrification a Back to the City movement by capital, not people. Journal of the American Planning Association, 45, 538-548.
The Urban Task Force. (2003). Towards an urban renaissance. Routledge.
Turcu, C. (2012). Local experiences of urban sustainability: Researching housing market renewal interventions in three english neighbourhoods. Progress in Planning, 78, 101-150.
Van Gent, W., & Boterman, W. (2019). Gentrification of the changing state. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 110, 35-46.
Wang, H., Shen, Q., & Tang, B.-S. (2015). GIS-based framework for supporting land use planning in urban renewal: Case study in Hong Kong. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 141.
Weber, R. (2002). Extracting value from the city: Neoliberalism and urban redevelopment. Antipode, 34, 519-540.
Wu, Y., Galdini, R., Hui, E. C. M., & Long, H. (2020). Urban regeneration and re-use: China and Europe. Cities, 106.
Zhang, Y., & Fang, K. (2004). Is history repeating itself ? From urban renewal in the United States to inner-city redevelopment in China. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23, 286-298.
Zheng, H. W., Shen, G. Q., Song, Y., Sun, B., & Hong, J. (2014). Neighborhood sustainability in urban renewal: An assessment framework. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 44(5), 903-924.
Zijun, YU. (2019). Review of the Basic Theory and Evaluation Methods of Sustainable Urban Renewal. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 281.
Zukin, S. (1987). Gentrification: Culture and capital in the urban core. Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 129-147.