Analysis of Skill Requirements for Agricultural Development and Educational Barriers Case Study: Rural Areas of Faryab County

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

3 M. Sc., Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

10.22111/gdij.2024.47506.3605

Abstract

Agricultural Development as a Fundamental Necessity for Transformation in Geographical Spaces, Emphasizing Essential Actions Such as Improving and Modernizing Education and Skills. Familiarity with the Barriers to Providing Agricultural Skills Training in Each Geographical Area Can Play a Significant Role in Enhancing Productivity of Production Factors, an Issue Addressed in this Research within the Geographical Context of Faryab County, Kerman Province. This study is both practically oriented and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population consists of two groups: the first group includes agricultural sector experts and specialists, and the second group comprises agricultural operators in the villages of Faryab County. Due to the large number of villages in Faryab County, villages with over 100 households were selected. The total number of the statistical population in the group of agricultural operators was 5109 households, from which 357 households were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The research results indicate that in horticultural activities, the penetration coefficient of skills training is respectively related to the districts of Galashgard, Mahrooyeh, Zhamkan, and Hoor. In livestock activities, the penetration coefficient of skills training is respectively related to the districts of Galashgard, Mahrooyeh, Zhamkan, and Hoor. Similarly, in agricultural activities, the penetration coefficient of skills training is respectively related to the districts of Galashgard, Mahrooyeh, Zhamkan, and Hoor. Furthermore, the existing barriers to acquiring agricultural skills are categorized into individual, social, economic, infrastructural, and locational barriers, and criteria were established for evaluating each of these barriers. In general, it can be stated that individual barriers with a path coefficient of 0.999, social barriers with a path coefficient of 0.612, economic barriers with a path coefficient of 0.001, and infrastructural and locational barriers with a path coefficient of 0.898 have had a significant impact on agricultural skills training.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdolmaleki, Mohammad; Pazhaki Rad, Gholamreza; Chizari, Mohammad (2007). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Educational-Promotional Courses for Graziers in Touiserkan County. Agricultural Sciences Journal. 13(1), 53-39. [In Persian]
Abraham, J (2011). Measurement of social empowerment of farmers in SHGS: Evidence from. India. International NGO Journal, 6(12): 255-261.
https://doi.org/10.5897/INGOJ11.031.
Amir Timouri, Samiye; Khalilian, Sadeq (2007). Growth of Total Productivity of All Production Factors in the Agricultural Sector of Iran and Its Outlook in the Fourth Development Plan. Agricultural Economics and Development, 15(3), 52-37. [In Persian]
https://doi.org/10.30490/aead.2007.58884
Bayat Tork, A (1991). “Adult Education: A Case Study Technology training to a group of adult carpet weaving in Fars province and its effect on income, health workshops and texture quality.” Master's Thesis. School of Education. University of Shiraz. [In Persian].
https://elmnet.ir/doc/11711524-15509?elm_num=1
Benhabib, J. and Spiegel, M. M (1994). The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence from Aggregate Cross Country Data. Journal of Monetary Economics, 34, 143-173.
Card, D. and Krueger, A. B (1992). Does School Quality Matter? Return to Education and the Characteristics for School in the United State; Journal of Polotical Economics, 100(1). 1-40.
Cooray, A.V (2009). The role of education in economic growth. Proceedings of the 2009 Australian Conference of Economists (1-27). Adelaide, Australia: South Australian Branch of the Economic Society of Australia.
Curry, N (1996). Some constraints on the delivery of Agricultural Training in Britain. European Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 3(3), 133–140.
Damisa, M. A. and Yohanna, M (2007). Role of rural women in farm management decision making process: Ordered probit analysis. World Journal of. Agricultural Sciences, 3(4): 543-546.
Dev, D.S., Hoque, M. J., & Miah, M. A. M (2017). Problems faced by the participant farmers in the training process: A case of climate risk management training in agriculture. International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 143-151.
Dousti, Afsaneh (2011). The Role of Agricultural Promotion and Education in Sustainable Development, First National Conference on Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Agriculture, Ahvaz, Payame Noor University of Khuzestan Province. [In Persian]
Eftekhari, Abdolreza Rokn al-Din; Arefnia, Khosro; Sajasi Ghaidari, Hamidollah; Firooznia, Ghadir; Sadeghloo, Tahereh; Diani, Leila; Fattahi, Ahadollah (2010). Development Strategies of Sustainable Development Education in Iran. Geography, 8(25), 47-66. [In Persian]
Eftekhari, Abdolreza Rokn al-Din; Pourtaheri, Mehdi; Farajzadeh, Manouchehr; Heidari Sarban, Vakil (2009). The Role of Empowerment in Agricultural Development, Case Study: Ardabil Province, Human Geography Research, 69, 103-87. [In Persian]
Elahizadeh, Maryam; Khosropour, Bahman; Sha'ibi, Abdulhossein (2019). The Role of Agricultural Education and Extension in Sustainable Agricultural Development, Second International Conference and Sixth Organic and Conventional Agriculture Conference, Mohaghegh Ardabili University. [In Persian]
Elnaga, A. and Imran, A (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management. 5(4).137-147.
Foladi, Batoul; Khosropour, Bahman (2016). Explaining the Role of Organic Agriculture Promotion and Education in Achieving Sustainable Agriculture. First International and Third National Conference on Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine and Organic Agriculture, Hamedan. [In Persian]
Gemmel, N (1996). Evaluating the Impacts of Human Capital Stocks and Accumulation on Economic Growth: Some New Evidence, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58(1), 9-28.
Hancer, M. and George, R. T (2003). Psychological empowerment of non-supervisory employees working in full-service restaurants. International Journal of. Hospitality Management, 22(1). 3-16.
Hanushek, E (1995). Interpreting Recent Research on Schooling in Developing Countries. World Bank Research Observer, 10, 227-246.
Harrison, Paul (1985). Inside the Third World, translated by Shadab Vahedi, Fatemi Publications. [In Persian]
https://www.iketab.com/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85
Hauser, Rupert (2006). Development Geography in the World and Iran; translated by Fazileh Khani and Naser Javadi, Tehran: Ghomes Publications. [In Persian]
Heilig. K, G, (2004), Sustainable Rural Development, geo Journal 61: Printed in the Netherlands, pp: 133–137.
Izadpanah, Mostafa (1996). Investigating the Role of Promotional Activities on the Performance of Irrigated Wheat from the Perspective of Farmers in Gorgan and Gonbad Regions, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. [In Persian]
https://elmnet.ir/doc/10781736-22091
Kennedy, M (2015) Towards a Taxonomy of System Dynamics Models of Higher Education, Library Management.23(2). 1-12.
Krueger, A. and Lindahl, M (2001). Education and Growth: Why and for Whom?. Journal of Economic Literature, 39(4), 1101-1136.
Maleki, Rasoul (2015). Analysis of the Performance of Agricultural Promotion and Education in the Provinces of the Country Using the Morris Model. Rural Development Journal, 18(3), 150-131. [In Persian]
https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2018.59441
Maponya, P., Venter, S.L., Plooy, C.P., Modise, S., & Heever, E.V (2016). Training Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farmers: A Case of Mopani District, Limpopo Province in South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology, 56, 272 - 282.
Mehrbani, Vahid (2017). The Importance of Formal Education in Improving Labor Productivity in the Agricultural Sector: Evidence from Iran, MENA Region and the World. Development Strategy, 13(52), 218-195. [In Persian]
Mmbengwa. V., Botes. L., Gundidza. M., Nephawe. K., Maiwashe, N (2011). Factors affecting the training of farm workers in Free State Province, South Africa. Journal of development and agricultural economics, 3(8), 387-393.
Namvong, S., and Baconguis, R. T (2010). The farmer-driven approach and its contributions to farmer empowerment in the village extension system of Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Middle East Journal of. Scientific Research, 6(2): 108-116.
Ngâangâa, R., Weru, J.M., Iravo A. and Sakwa, M (2013). The Relationship between Training and Development on Performance of State Owned Corporations. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (3)9.57-75.
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v3-i9/190
Niles, D (2007) contemporary Ruralities: contrasting visions of food and agriculture, clark university.
Noori Zamanaabadi, Seyyedhayatollah; Amini Faskhoudi, Abbas (2007). The Contribution of Agricultural Development to Rural Development (Case Study: Rural Areas of Isfahan Province). Iranian Agricultural Sciences, 2-38(2), 263-275. [In Persian]
Ojo, C. O., Bila, C. Y. and Iheanacho, A. C (2012). Agricultural resource access and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics among rural women in Borno State, Nigeria. AGRIS on-line Papers in -Economics and Informatics, 4(2). 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.131360
Oseni, G (2007) Agriculture production, Human capital, and ruralnonfarm activities Edidence from nigiria, American university.
Park, J. R. Stabler, M. J. Jones, P. J. Mortimer, S. R. Tiffin, J. R Tranter, R. B (2009), Evaluating the role of environmental quality in the sustainable rural economic development of England. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 11 (4). 735-750.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-008-9140-9
Shafiei Sabat, Naser; Farhadi, Farid (2019). The Impacts of Empowering Agricultural Operators on Rural Development in Samiram County. Agricultural Extension and Education Research, 12(3), 49-64. [In Persian]
Shahabi, Siamak; Seifollahi, Mahmoud; Ghanbari, Yousef (2012). Evaluation of the Effects of Promotional Trainings on Rural Households: A Case Study of Livestock Farmers in Fereydun County, Isfahan Province. Rural Development Journal, 15(4), 89-63. [In Persian]
https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2018.59105
Shahbazi, Ismail (2015). Rural Development and Promotion. 5th Edition. Tehran: University of Tehran Publications. [In Persian]
https://www.gisoom.com/book/11256808
Shultz, T.W (1961). Investment in Human Capital. American Economic Review, (51)1. 1-17.
Sila, A. K (2014), Relation between training and performance, European Journal of Business and Social Sciences. 3(1). 95-117.
Soltani, Sahar; Alishahi, Mozhgan; Bahrami Mahneh, Fahimeh (2007). Study of Investment Situation in the Agricultural Sector of Iran and Ways to Increase It, Sixth Iran Agricultural Economics Conference, Mashhad, Iranian Agricultural Economics Association, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]
Temple, J (2001). Growth Effects of Education and Social Capital in OECD Countries. Economic Studies, 33, 57-101.
Tohidloo, S., Mirdamadi, S., & Rezaei, R (2011). Analysis of Educational Obstacles for Expansion of Nanotechnology Agricultural Sector from the Viewpoints of Researchers. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 17(3), 97-110. [In Persian]
Warren, M. F (2002). Adoption of ICT in agricultural management in the United Kingdom: The intrarural digital divide.” Agricultural Economics. 48(1). 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.17221/5280-AGRICECON
Weir, Sh (1999). The effects of education on farmer productivity in rural Ethiopia, CSAE Working Paper Series 1999-07, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.