Explain the effects of rural empowerment on the creative tourism process (Case study: rural areas of Shahroud city

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Post Ph.D in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Isfahan, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Climatology, University of Isfahan, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning

Abstract

Empowering the villagers in the field of rural tourism can bring about a successful transition to rural development as a strategic choice. The aim of this study was to explain the effects of empowerment of rural households on creative tourism in Shahrood. The statistical population of the study is 373 rural households that the questionnaire as a research tool was provided to the statistical population by sampling. The Cronbach's alpha value for creative tourism indicators is 0.80 and for empowerment indicators is 0.75. SPSS software version 24 and LISREL 8.8 were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, the components of creative tourism and empowerment of rural households with an average of 3.093 and 2.77, respectively, have been evaluated at the desired level and below the desired level, and the relations between the components of empowerment and creative tourism have been evaluated. Ali fitted with favorable indices (RMSEA = 0.079). According to the research findings, the promotion of education and awareness components, skills and development of human resources, finance and investment, competence and individual independence, and institutionalism and organization are effective in the development of creative tourism indicators.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Ainali, J., Ghasemlou, H (2018). The role of creative tourism in the sustainable development of rural areas (a case study of historical-cultural villages in the northwest of the country), Journal of Rural Research and Planning, 8(2), 19-39. [In Persian]
doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v8i2.67441
Ali, F., Ryu, K & Hussain, K (2016). Influence of experiences on memories, satisfaction and behavioral, Vol. 12, 5-18.
DOI: 10.1080/10548408.2015.1038418
Arabghani, A., Sayyedmirzaee, S., & Kaldi, A (2020). Empowerment Analysis of Rural Women in Handicrafts (Studied Case of Eshgh Abad Neyshabur District). Islamic Art Studies, 15(36), 369-393.
doi: 10.22034/ias.2020.106461.[In Persian]
Ardhala, A. D., Santoso, E. B., & Sulistyarso, H (2016). Influence factors on the development of creative industry as tourism destination (Case Study: Footwear Village in Mojokerto City). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227, 671-679.
Asghari Lafmejani S, Shahraki E, Naderian far M ( 2016). Barriers to social and economic empowerment of rural households Case: patients protected by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Sistan Region. Space Economy & Rural Development  5 (15) ,103-124.
Akbarpour, M (2016). Role and Function of Entrepreneurship Empowerment of Villagers in Rural Areas (Case Study: Central Part of Hashtroud). Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 6(1), 51-66.
Abrishami, H., Bidram, R., Majed, V., & Bakhshayesh, E (2020). The Feasibility Study of Sustainable Rural Development through the Development of Creative Industries: A Case Study of Handicrafts in Selected Villages of Isfahan Province. Village and Development, 22(4), 51-69.
doi: 10.30490/rvt.2020.289507.1069.[In Persian]
BasteNegar, M (2016). Color Symbolism in Creative Tourism Brand of Iranian Cities. Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient, 4(11), 21-28.
Chen, C. F., & Chou, S. H (2019). Antecedents and consequences of perceived coolness for Generation Y in the context of creative tourism-A case study of the Pier 2 Art Center in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 72, 121-129.
Cherim, S. M, Jola, G. R, Khodadadi, M (2017) Investigating the role of tourism in the social empowerment of women in villages integrated into the city (case study: Shush city, Khuzestan province) Specialized Scientific Quarterly of Tourism Research and Sustainable Development, year First, number one summer 2017
Comunian, R., & England, L (2020). Creative and cultural work without filters: Covid-19 and exposed precarity in the creative economy. Cultural Trends, 29(2), 112-128.
Dehshiri, M. R (2015). Assessment of the Factors Affecting the Development of Religious Tourism in Iran. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 4(12), 72-92.
Einali, J., Mohammadi Yeganeh, B. & Ghasemlou, H (2019). The role of creative tourism in sustainable development of rural areas (Case study: Historic-Cultural Villages in North-West of Iran). Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 8(2), 19-39.
doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v8i2.67441. [In Persian]
Fazelneia, G., & hedayaty, S (2010). Appropriate Strategies for Tourism Development in Zarivar Lake. Geography and Development, 8(19), 145-170.
doi: 10.22111/gdij.2010.1113.[In Persian]
Fahmi, F.Z., Koster, S., & Dijk, J.V (2016). The location of creative industries in a developing country: The case of Indonesia, Cities, 59, 66-79.
Forney. J´. 2021. Farmers ‘empowerment and learning processes in accountability practices: An assemblage perspective. Journal of Rural Studies. VOL .86.  673-683.
Ghorbani, M., Hajalizadeh, A., & Heydarvand, M (2019). An Evaluation of the Impacts of Empowerment and the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy on the Desire to Establish Sustainable Rural Businesses. Journal of Rural Research, 10(3), 438-451.
doi: 10.22059/jrur.2019.278686.1349.[In Persian]
Ghaderi, E., Mahmoudzadeh, S. M., Hosseini, S. A., & Firouzfar, M (2022). Identifying the Dimensions and Components of Supply Sector of Creative Tourism (Case Study: Mashhad as the Global City of Gemstones). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 20(1), 153-119.
doi: 10.22067/jgrd.2022.77534.1172.[In Persian]
Ghanbari, Y., Rahimi, R., & barghi, H (2021). Rural Hosting Model in Creative Tourism; Tourism Target Villages of Isfahan Province. Journal of Geography and Planning, 25(75), 193-205.
doi: 10.22034/gp.2021.12788.[In Persian]
Giampiccoli, A., & Mtapuri, O (2012). Community-based tourism: An exploration of the concept (s) from a political perspective. Tourism Review International, 16(1), 29-43.
Gkartzios, M., & Lowe, P (2019). Revisiting neo-endogenous rural development. The Routledge companion to rural planning, 159-169.
Hung, W. L., Lee, Y. J., & Huang, P. H (2016). Creative experiences, memorability and revisit intention in creative tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(8), 763-770.
DOI: 10.4324/9781315102375-17
Lee, A. H (2012). The Creative Food Economy and Culinary Tourism through Place Branding: Terroir into a Creative and Environmentally Friendly Taste of a Place.
Majokweni, Z. Pilela, M. Joseph J  (2021). Gender and Rural Vitality: Empowerment through Women’s Community Groups. Journal of Rural Sociology. Online published.1-25.
DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12379
Mbaiwaa, J.E. and Stronzab, A (2010). The effects of tourism development on rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(5): 635-656.
DOI: 10.1080/09669581003653500
Mill, R. C. & A. M. Morrison (1992). The Tourism system: an introductory Text, 2nded. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1-31.
1130000796399536256
Mohammadi, A., Moharrer, M., & Babakhanifard, M. S (2019). The business model and balanced scorecard in creative tourism: the ultimate strategy boosters. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(17), 2157-2182.
Mohammadi, A, Moharer , M, Babakhani Fard, M. S (2015). Presenting the feasibility model of creative tourism products in the framework of a balanced scorecard. Tourism and Development, 5(2), 17-34.
10.22034/JTD.2020.110392.[In Persian]
Mirzakhani, K (2019). Sociological study of strategies for empowering rural women and nomads, new research approaches in management and accounting, 4 (14), 1-15 .[In Persian]
Mahdian Bahnamiry, M., & Taghvaei, M (2023). Spatial distribution analysis of the dimensions of creative tourism operators (Case study of Golestan townships). Journal of Geography and Planning, 26(82), 249-227.
doi: 10.22034/gp.2021.47449.2881.[In Persian]
Mohammadi, M., & Mirtaghian Rudsari, S. M (2016). Tourism Creative Product Modeling: Development of 4P’s Model (People, Process, Place and Product). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 5(18), 179-201.
Papzan, A., ghobadi, P., Zarafshani, K., & Geravandi, S (2011). Problems and Limitations of Rural Tourism, Using Grounded Theory (Case-study: Harir Village, Kermanshah Province). Journal of Rural Research, 1(3), 25-52.
Tarasi, Z., karimzadeh, H., & aghayarihir, M (2020). Capacity Building in Rural Areas to Empower Women Case Study: Zanjan County. Geography and Development, 18(58), 203-224.
doi: 10.22111/gdij.2020.5191.[In Persian]
Rahimi, M., & Pazand, F (2017). Pattern of the urban creative tourism and present a proposal pattern for Iran(AHP). Journal of Innovation and Creativity in Human Science, 6(3), 97-124.
Rossa, David  (2019). Participative co-creation of archaeological heritage: Case insights on creative tourism in Alentejo, Portugal, Annals of Tourism Research, www.sciencedirect.com, Volume 79, November 2019, 102790.
Sarantou, M., Kugapi, O., & Huhmarniemi, M (2021). Context mapping for creative tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 103064.
Shojaeifard, A (2020). Empowering and Creating Rural Entrepreneurship in Small Business Environment Case Study of Hormozgan Province Villages. Regional Planning, 9(36), 185-196.
Shafiei Sabet N, Hosseini Hasel S, rahbari M (2019). Rural Mmanagement, Empowerment of Local Stakeholders and Physical Transformation of Rural Settlements(Case Study: Semnan Province). JHRE, 38 (165) :113-128. URL: http://jhre.ir/article-1-1688-fa.html.[In Persian]
Salehi, M., rahimian, M., & Gholamrezai, S (2018). Analyzing the Solutions of Microcredit Funds to Empower Rural Women (Case study: Lorestan Province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 49(4), 675-687.
doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2018.251895.668561.[In Persian]
Sadeghloo, T., & Sojasi Qeidari, M (2018). Analysis of the Effects of Cash Payment Subsidiary on Empowerment of Rural Focus Group. Human Geography Research, 50(1), 163-180.
doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2016.59392.[In Persian]
Sangchumnong, A (2018). Development of a sustainable tourist destination based on the creative economy:Case study of Klong Kone Mangrove Community,Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences.
Shamsoddini, A., Hazeri, S., Zainali, B., & Arboni, Z (2017). On the Evaluation of the Tourist Satisfaction from Tourism Product using HOLSAT Model (Case Study: Kandovan Village). Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 12(3), 659-679. [In Persian]
Sleuwaegen, L. and Boiardi, P (2014). Creativity and regional innovation: Evidence from EU regions, Research Policy, 43(9): 1508-1522.
Stipanovic, C., & Rudan, E (2014). Development concept and strategy for creative tourism of the Kvarner destination. In Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Biennial International Congress. Tourism & Hospitality Industry (p. 507). University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism & Hospitality Management.
Tan, S. K., Kung, S. F., & Luh, D. B (2013). A model of ‘creative experience’in creative tourism. Annals of tourism research, 41, 153-174.
Wang, Jia, Huang, Xijia, Gong, Zhiqiang, Cao, Kaiying, (2020), Dynamic assessment of tourism carrying capacity and its impacts on tourism economic growth in urban tourism destinations in China, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 15 ,100383.
Zampetakis, L. A., & Moustakis, V. (2006). Linking creativity with entrepreneurial intentions: A structural approach. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, 413-428.
DOI: 10.1007/s11365-006-0006-z
Zanganeh Shahraki, S., Fotouhi Mehrabani, B., Porakrami, M., & Soleimanzadeh, M. R (2017). An Analysis of Tehran's Capabilities and Position in terms of Realization of the Concept of Creative City Compared with Other Cities of the World. Geography and Urban Space Development, 3(2), 69-85.
doi: 10.22067/gusd.v3i2.50492.[In Persian]
Zhang, Y., & Xie, P. F (2019). Motivational determinates of creative tourism: a case study of Albergue art space in Macau. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(20), 2538-2549.