The Effects and Consequences of Gambling and Betting on The Economy of Rural Households (with Emphasis on Warzajang in Belsbaneh district of Kochsefahan)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Full Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

 
The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its practical purpose and method. The data collection tools are questionnaires and interviews from a selected sample of 362 households. The selected sample was selected from the statistical community of rural households involved and not involved in Warza Jang, Koch Safhan district, Belsabneh district (N = 5819) using Cochran's formula and quota sampling method. Independent t-test and structural equation modeling test were used to analyze the data. The results of the independent t-test showed that the economic effects of gambling among the households involved in the war were more than the non-involved households, and indicators of financial helplessness with an average of 3.16, unusual distribution of money with an average of 3.10, and debt with an average of 2.87 It has had the greatest effects on rural households. Also, the results of the structural equations show that the component of random wealth with an impact factor of 0.83 has received the greatest impact from gambling, and indicators of financial helplessness with an impact factor of 0.76, financial problems with an impact factor of 0.60, and financial instability with an impact factor of 59. 0.0 has had an indirect effect on the unstable economic conditions of rural households affected by gambling, and the p value of all lambda parameters in the above model confirms all relationships.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects


Ahaibwe, G., Lakuma, C. P., Katunze, M. & Mawejje, J (2016). Socio Economic Effects of Gambling: Evidence from Kampala City, Uganda, Towards Sustainable Development, Vol. 126, 1- 40.
https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/234554/
 Alivardinia, Akbar; Kabiri, Saeed; Rahmati, Mohammad Mahdi and Shadmanfafan, Seyedah Masoumeh (2016). Explanation of sports bets of Rasht university students from the point of view of Ickers' social learning theory, Culture Strategy Magazine, No. 35, 115-148.
Anielski, M., & Braaten, A (2008). The socio-economic impact of gambling (SEIG) framework. An assessment framework for Canada. In search of the gold standard. Inter-Provincial Consortium for the Development of Methodology to Assess the Social and Economic Impact of Gambling, February 2008.
Badji, S., Black, N. & Johnston, D. W (2021). Consequences of Greater Gambling Accessibility, Centre for Health Economics, Monash business School, Monash University, 900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East VIC 3145, Australia, JEL Codes: D1, H7, I1, I3.
 https://scholar.google.com/
Cameron, L., Ride, J. & Devlin, N (2022). An Economic Model of Gambling Behaviour: A Two‑Stage Approach, Journal of Gambling Studies,
Davidson, T. and Rodgers, B (2010). Survey of the Nature and Extent of Gambling, in the Australin Capital Territory, Gambling and Racing Commission, Canberra, Viewed 20 January 2014.
https://www.jogoremoto.pt/docs/extra/GvJslX.pdf
Devlin, M.E. and Walton, D (2012). The prevalence of problem gambling in New Zealand as measured by the PGSI: adjusting prevalence estimates using meta-analysis, International Gambling Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, 177-197.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2011.653384
Gambl, J. S (2017). Gambling disorder due to Brazilian animal game Jogo do bicho gambling behavior and psychopathology. Journal of Gambling Studies Vol. 32, 231-241.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-015-9527-0
Grinols, E. L (2004). Gambling in America: Costs and Benefits., Cambridge University Press.
https://books.google.com/
 Kashkar, Sara; Javidef Fafil and Bahadur, Hossein (2019). Pathology of virtual football betting and its prevention strategies, Scientific Journal of Sports Sponsorship, Management and Marketing Research, Volume 1, Number 3, 105-132.
Kelie, N (2014).Demographic Profile Report: Statewide Profile, Victorian Responsible Foundation, Melbourne.
https://scholar.google.com/
Koomson, I., Churchill, S. A. & Munyanyi, M. E (2022). Gambling and Financial Stress, Social Indicators Research, Vol. 163, 473-503.
Korn, D., R. Gibbins, & J. Azmier (2003). Framing Public Policy Towards a Public Health Paradigm for Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies,19(2), 235-256.
Langham, E., Thorne, H, Browne, M, Donaldson, PH, Rose, J, and  Rocklof, M (2016). "Understanding gambling related harm: a proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms." BMC Public Health, Vol. 16, No. 80, 1- 23.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-016-2747-0
Lansky, S (2016). The Gilded Razor: A memoir. Gallery books. ISBN 9781476776149.
https://books.google.com/books?
Latvala, T., Lintonen, T. & Konu, A (2019). Public health effects of gambling – debate on a conceptual model, BMC Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 1077, 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7391-z.
Lucchini, F. & Comi, S. L 2022). Social Costs of Gambling Harm in Italy, Critical Gambling Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 71- 82.
 Maarif Vand, Masoumeh; Men's jacket, Maral; Zamani, Zohreh and Morshidi, Zohreh (2015). Qualitative study of types of gambling and its consequences, Social Work Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 3, 41-50.
http://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-206-fa. html
Njonge, T. & Ronoh, T. K (2022). Influence of Gambling on the Psychological Wellness of Young People in Njokerio Village of Nakuru County in Kenya, Editon Consortium Journal of Psychology, Guidance, and Counseling (ECJPGC), Vol. 04, No. 01, 266-278.
https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjpgc.v4i1.371
Parvin, Sattar; Darvishi, Ali Asghar and Kazemi, Ghobad (2016). Social Disorganization and Hidden Urban Harms, A Case Study of Harandi Neighborhood, Sociological Studies, Volume 23, Number One, 4.
https://www.sid. ir/paper/264378/fa
Walker, D.M (2007). Problems in quantifying the social costs and benefits of gambling. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 66, No.3, 611-614.
Walker, D.M., & Barnett, A. H (1999).  The social costs of gambling: An economic perspective. Journal of Gambling Studies, Vol. 15, No.3, 181-185.
Williams, R., Rehm, J, & Stevens, J. R. M. G (2011). The Social Economic Impacts of Gambling. Final Report Prepared for the Canadian Consortium for Gambling Research. March 11,2011.
https://www.umass.edu/
Wu, Sh.T. & Chen, Y. Sh (2015). The Social Economic and Environmental Impact of Casino Gambaling on the Residents of Singapore. Tourism Management, Vol. 48, 285-298.
Zofcak, J. & Sima, J (2022). Revision of Social Costs of Gambling in the Czech Republic, 22nd International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Chancing Business Environment Proceedings, 142- 156.
https://ceeconference.vse.cz/;